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What it is, and what to call it

The Joseph Smith Translation

Not a translation in the ordinary sense, and pretending otherwise invites a fair objection. A prophetic revision of the Bible, made without manuscripts, some of it restoring, some of it clarifying, some of it new revelation written into the text.

18 min2 sections

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What it is

Beginning in June 1830 and working until 1833 with substantial later revision, Joseph Smith went through the Bible making changes — some a single word, some entire chapters. He had no ancient manuscripts, no Hebrew or Greek at the time, and no textual apparatus. What he had was a King James Bible and a scribe.

Four kinds of change
KindExample
Restoration of lost textMoses 1 — an entire chapter with no biblical parallel
Clarification of an obscure passageMatthew 6:22 JST, resolving the 'single eye' figure
HarmonisationAligning parallel Gospel accounts that had drifted
Inspired commentary written into the textMany small changes that read as explanation rather than as recovered wording
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How to use it

  • Read it as apparatus, the way you would read a good study Bible's notes — informative, and not the base text.
  • Do not assume every change recovers original wording; the Church's own Bible Dictionary does not make that claim.
  • Do not dismiss it either: Moses 1 and Moses 7 are among the most theologically dense chapters in the canon, and neither exists elsewhere.
  • Notice which passages Joseph revised most heavily — Genesis, Matthew, Romans — because the pattern tells you what he was working on.
  • Remember the revision was never finished. He was still making changes in Nauvoo.

Principle

The JST is a prophetic revision rather than a manuscript translation, and calling it what it is makes it more defensible rather than less.

D&C 45:60–61 · D&C 76:15–19 · Moses 1:40–41

What this topic holds

  1. The JST was produced by revelation rather than from manuscripts, and the Church's own reference works say so.

    D&C 45:60–61 · D&C 76:15

  2. The revision was the occasion for major revelations, including D&C 76, which came while revising John 5:29.

    D&C 76:15–19

Check your reading

3 questions
  1. 01What did Joseph Smith work from when producing the JST?

  2. 02Which two portions of the JST are canonised?

  3. 03What major revelation came out of the Bible revision?

Where to go next

Sources

  1. Bible Dictionary, "Joseph Smith Translation"
  2. The Joseph Smith Papers, Old and New Testament Revision manuscripts